A question with more than one interpretive layer
The Bible does not contain a single passage that directly uses the modern medical and legal category of abortion. Discussions therefore examine passages about pregnancy, birth, injury, lineage, personhood and moral responsibility, alongside later Christian teaching.
Interpretations differ among Jewish and Christian communities, and among readers within each tradition. A careful study should distinguish what a passage says in its own setting from conclusions later communities draw from it.
Scope of this page
This page introduces the biblical material and points to related essays. It is an educational resource, not medical, legal or pastoral advice. Personal decisions about pregnancy deserve confidential care from qualified professionals and trusted support people.
Topics covered in this section
- Brief overview of the biblical material
- References from the Hebrew Scriptures: Pentateuch, part 1 and Pentateuch, part 2
- References from the rest of the Hebrew Scriptures
- References from the Christian Scriptures and creeds
- Conclusions and interpretive questions
How to read the passages
Readers can ask four useful questions: What situation is being addressed? What do key terms mean in their historical language? Is the passage descriptive, legal, poetic or narrative? How has the relevant community interpreted it over time?
These questions do not remove disagreement. They make the sources, assumptions and limits of each interpretation easier to see.